{"id":3439,"date":"2025-08-14T22:07:51","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T06:07:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/?p=3439"},"modified":"2025-08-15T02:15:53","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T10:15:53","slug":"two-way-vs-three-way-catalytic-converters-function-differences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/two-way-vs-three-way-catalytic-converters-function-differences\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a 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noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0633\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (HC) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NOx) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQE0-gctVAsp6_3j7Itl2GoURIUtCifjOycihf-cnEsX8E3xFM8bGpQFzfv1sLZT5PV5Pq6YWJFLaxfsUwo3xw3VYTI6Pgr7qi2whXyJEm2DrRNtz-B2b3AbUNrhiSxQUjtAszGIxcfKT-5wft5exhgU-LK9K2J4tW6zKGb3ft08I75B_Rpzg6Cdjl4Gu9vRwND0CDfy3I-6ka9Mhbv7HKnxE6aZ8usZ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">3<\/a>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1952 \u06481973 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEKV4HRiInMnO2AsYPF3oxrZvAv08qXpTZ-PjOIfJhdBQ5qSv10ehTzuz2q1Ue_gBoKH1FNSZJLnSpG_NFibONy05b-8wqHn9bBFwvkezL2v50gAkwcNBaexHOeZnD7P8tLIE6vRKGV_kRlcJw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>. \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGiI37Lrwd7rQKfjRtepwBTfmHu0zjR7A_QzYFRuydirRR5r1yV8TipBn9zOMkehBXhgYqpA1AvqTLw9qXONDHJ6q2WhghUmHE4ki_44Mu6Pd82Y3yFDua6bN96nJWhzxg2ha2roBl2IfLRLeXPO0jN5Ky93pcOYM-KUypRpHSwd0w7tgpokgdfceH9BKB_de4nZPIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 &#034;\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647&#034;\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f: \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEKV4HRiInMnO2AsYPF3oxrZvAv08qXpTZ-PjOIfJhdBQ5qSv10ehTzuz2q1Ue_gBoKH1FNSZJLnSpG_NFibONy05b-8wqHn9bBFwvkezL2v50gAkwcNBaexHOeZnD7P8tLIE6vRKGV_kRlcJw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">5<\/a>\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0662.\u0661. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO2)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0641\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627.2CO+O2\u21922CO22<em>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/em>+<em>\u0627\u0644<\/em>2\u21922<em>\u062c<\/em><em>\u0627\u0644<\/em>2\u200b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (HC):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (H2O). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (CxHy) \u0647\u0648: CxHy+(x+y4)O2\u2192xCO2+y2H2O<em>\u062c<\/em><em>\u0633<\/em>\u200b<em>\u062d<\/em><em>\u0648<\/em>+(<em>\u0633<\/em>+4<em>\u0648<\/em>)<em>\u0627\u0644<\/em>2\u2190<em>\u0633<\/em><em>\u062c<\/em><em>\u0627\u0644<\/em>2+2<em>\u0648<\/em>\u200b<em>\u062d<\/em>2\u200b<em>\u0627\u0644<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGiI37Lrwd7rQKfjRtepwBTfmHu0zjR7A_QzYFRuydirRR5r1yV8TipBn9zOMkehBXhgYqpA1AvqTLw9qXONDHJ6q2WhghUmHE4ki_44Mu6Pd82Y3yFDua6bN96nJWhzxg2ha2roBl2IfLRLeXPO0jN5Ky93pcOYM-KUypRpHSwd0w7tgpokgdfceH9BKB_de4nZPIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2. \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Pt)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0648&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Pd)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaNJ_3CvRvSS6SXwwBzzcrdDoNQGMQOyQbRAFEQUBlPaGfiBkhR1Ic2GfgLdYRKXxYpiH3NTDrB0GV5tspgNhX1HS7hNXT6LUCGUtVliv8q8P56Zb0IPFuV8xpNA-m2JaJvbD7Q_vAau6VxHpw_S9XsnPj8IhedJtM56FKxwitOnwPaRzbquKpYYp-rUPM3OCLGcrV790KDsf9cYDRH1oZV_Ifsz-LkD__z4dffXDzLk4=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGiI37Lrwd7rQKfjRtepwBTfmHu0zjR7A_QzYFRuydirRR5r1yV8TipBn9zOMkehBXhgYqpA1AvqTLw9qXONDHJ6q2WhghUmHE4ki_44Mu6Pd82Y3yFDua6bN96nJWhzxg2ha2roBl2IfLRLeXPO0jN5Ky93pcOYM-KUypRpHSwd0w7tgpokgdfceH9BKB_de4nZPIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0648&nbsp;<strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NOx)<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGiI37Lrwd7rQKfjRtepwBTfmHu0zjR7A_QzYFRuydirRR5r1yV8TipBn9zOMkehBXhgYqpA1AvqTLw9qXONDHJ6q2WhghUmHE4ki_44Mu6Pd82Y3yFDua6bN96nJWhzxg2ha2roBl2IfLRLeXPO0jN5Ky93pcOYM-KUypRpHSwd0w7tgpokgdfceH9BKB_de4nZPIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f) \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGiI37Lrwd7rQKfjRtepwBTfmHu0zjR7A_QzYFRuydirRR5r1yV8TipBn9zOMkehBXhgYqpA1AvqTLw9qXONDHJ6q2WhghUmHE4ki_44Mu6Pd82Y3yFDua6bN96nJWhzxg2ha2roBl2IfLRLeXPO0jN5Ky93pcOYM-KUypRpHSwd0w7tgpokgdfceH9BKB_de4nZPIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGiI37Lrwd7rQKfjRtepwBTfmHu0zjR7A_QzYFRuydirRR5r1yV8TipBn9zOMkehBXhgYqpA1AvqTLw9qXONDHJ6q2WhghUmHE4ki_44Mu6Pd82Y3yFDua6bN96nJWhzxg2ha2roBl2IfLRLeXPO0jN5Ky93pcOYM-KUypRpHSwd0w7tgpokgdfceH9BKB_de4nZPIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 (DOCs)<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQED9YW4L2vg-8cPtwT0DTV_7ngkeAi-eHFQ7sbjNF74_ziI9vILBmREIiK4zLQqh6pjH91DFFZ4XmZXMg2PnSabzbxbn2WwbUFSkZ2SsFh4GuySUpQ4uM2mGu2v75yR9tNoa1zq8x2nsyrlXzphRMI77vtF_IYE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064c\u0651 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 (DOCs) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 (NO) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NO2)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGiI37Lrwd7rQKfjRtepwBTfmHu0zjR7A_QzYFRuydirRR5r1yV8TipBn9zOMkehBXhgYqpA1AvqTLw9qXONDHJ6q2WhghUmHE4ki_44Mu6Pd82Y3yFDua6bN96nJWhzxg2ha2roBl2IfLRLeXPO0jN5Ky93pcOYM-KUypRpHSwd0w7tgpokgdfceH9BKB_de4nZPIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0628).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQED9YW4L2vg-8cPtwT0DTV_7ngkeAi-eHFQ7sbjNF74_ziI9vILBmREIiK4zLQqh6pjH91DFFZ4XmZXMg2PnSabzbxbn2WwbUFSkZ2SsFh4GuySUpQ4uM2mGu2v75yR9tNoa1zq8x2nsyrlXzphRMI77vtF_IYE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a (TWCs) \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NOx) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (HC) \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646\u064d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO):<\/strong>2CO+O2\u21922CO22<em>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/em>+<em>\u0627\u0644<\/em>2\u21922<em>\u062c<\/em><em>\u0627\u0644<\/em>2\u200b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (HC):<\/strong>CxHy+(x+y4)O2\u2192xCO2+y2H2O<em>\u062c<\/em><em>\u0633<\/em>\u200b<em>\u062d<\/em><em>\u0648<\/em>+(<em>\u0633<\/em>+4<em>\u0648<\/em>)<em>\u0627\u0644<\/em>2\u2190<em>\u0633<\/em><em>\u062c<\/em><em>\u0627\u0644<\/em>2+2<em>\u0648<\/em>\u200b<em>\u062d<\/em>2\u200b<em>\u0627\u0644<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NOx):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0627\u0631 (N2) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (O2).2NOx\u2192N2+xO22<em>\u0646<\/em><em>\u0627\u0644<\/em><em>\u0633<\/em>\u2192<em>\u0646<\/em>2+<em>\u0633<\/em><em>\u0627\u0644<\/em>2\u200b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629&nbsp;<strong>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 (\u03bb = 1)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 14.7 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 (\u03bb = 1):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629) \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 95% \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEYrJzpIYFbfTpzuihchg4wfFJcSHvfbprDKyfl7IAtcP8l8ODAdkd-96J6lxxQ6410Dn8j7rAau6GBX4KxSJ1xObrKSkitebUqW1MYGLwdQaHMLLTVVcv7PfSPX3cUy7F1sGoKSlnztKWDu8KI1c-YMZP1C7y7j0fpimExpTJ3VdpTfolbz2b3gPK-3grWFIIeFRefKDX8zEJQGBuOG5X9CqNSp4ZIMCCwytZsKSjt_0Y=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">26<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u03bb<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (\u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f)\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u03bb &gt; 1):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646 (\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3. \u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (OSC) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0640 TWC\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (OSC):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<strong>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CeO2)<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CeO2) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 (CeO2) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 (Ce2O3)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (ECU):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (ECU). \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a TWC \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Pt) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Pd) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Rh)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 (Al2O3)<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Pt) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Pd):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 CO \u0648HC&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Rh):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEGGSz5Oasq6INDTZy3KuEfDKi5nYzgSGCtbhF2H60JJGZrILqa4PyX6FQYm5WgowJ35Q8SVspmp8F8XXpAI8JsgHyAvYeFE9oEnqevd1fEZxzIEZDqG50QQdcVq1uhhB_MBojxilYOoB28S_yndfIvIM-vIvYUNAFOINmnS9IJyLIzgG5ne6uAEguyVfRrLqp89bEqcTfZ4c03nRsHait6skT4lK7jf9xCF-pSJXNAiJw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">18<\/a>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645&nbsp;<strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 250-300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>. \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQH8lzhJBP4zKysynzUhqO6-cdc5Az6R_DLlw1MF1zrzDaspEFQvvEY2KLQmFUuuQ3RW-I4C_E_UqGiKluDVP8M40-AxTbrngQQxJsn5ZxMXWNgfMpe2YzYRUzVUglU1Iifgnd0AEnUYslqvZIEBAGfGqXk=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.5. \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0640 TWCs \u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SOx) \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 800 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQG6-NQrOfAcrWFS-zVNgZVhaUueIjV1KoCwvgrqzp9Akn10XVW6BdoKLeuU68uagw3iHUIxq5j1T8Pl7uKGlsIzpVq_U3jx3prQDbtUv5ikTsvwegZnwRFtRp9AkojThX1V84AffOjGJUO2FDRSew8PZtUpZcxb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEAe4318vt13r726bCJDaGiLuYWZxUg29U5bg_nhky1fuWiTwzBh4Hko_lRfMg9HSDeTCGXi8iMybRTuSEk1Ak0QCQ_CVwDzaD6xgbuMzbqZP9dfGby4HmzhhX1qEQF7QdtIymJhj44Qe4b6C7t2POkORlOC70=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0645) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 (Al \u0648Ce \u0648Zr) \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1. \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627&nbsp;<strong>\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0640&nbsp;<strong>\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0644<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062a<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>\u062a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (HC) \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO) \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEYrJzpIYFbfTpzuihchg4wfFJcSHvfbprDKyfl7IAtcP8l8ODAdkd-96J6lxxQ6410Dn8j7rAau6GBX4KxSJ1xObrKSkitebUqW1MYGLwdQaHMLLTVVcv7PfSPX3cUy7F1sGoKSlnztKWDu8KI1c-YMZP1C7y7j0fpimExpTJ3VdpTfolbz2b3gPK-3grWFIIeFRefKDX8zEJQGBuOG5X9CqNSp4ZIMCCwytZsKSjt_0Y=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">19<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEYrJzpIYFbfTpzuihchg4wfFJcSHvfbprDKyfl7IAtcP8l8ODAdkd-96J6lxxQ6410Dn8j7rAau6GBX4KxSJ1xObrKSkitebUqW1MYGLwdQaHMLLTVVcv7PfSPX3cUy7F1sGoKSlnztKWDu8KI1c-YMZP1C7y7j0fpimExpTJ3VdpTfolbz2b3gPK-3grWFIIeFRefKDX8zEJQGBuOG5X9CqNSp4ZIMCCwytZsKSjt_0Y=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">19<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 62 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \/ \u0633\u0645\u00b2&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGhrP_ulno_T2TzUlYyLnjLWBN2LhHUCCx9oGA249I5q5FvyJj1cdbDm14zdTqBTobBGyriYm4YMt1uvOQqtntNVOIrOQHDl8zIQGdHJkzeSYOWAhNukYv4bkQ039bHjECN-0Ff0_nWcuj_b96njjyw9T58pA1yVFX3caVMDomvYmI=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">12<\/a>\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHMV4UAVlpI6Y-CAGeqoJ0EpeYm--7Rx1UrQbOofUY6n56N_0wBfZTkEDB4_46dW2H8fOFDszMumFFC02hQ1LWVKA0tRzPJH9qZZFDYRhGYnRCYX2XZOBUlUNlFsDXvO7ao8wDrt8T3nxC6Ijg1EfB8-spI_BOFbSYjRjHG3ZPuDT1RZD-1NKpRQ_yO2-jbVJopgz5pweI9EAYu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">11<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0641 \u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u064f\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0651\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0643\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0633.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644:<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Al2O3)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 100-200 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \/ \u062c\u0645) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 (CeO2):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (OSC) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (ZrO2):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (TiO2) \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (SiO2):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFk5LACQ5JtHRey2JrL0T7Iy-BOOaxZe62L8HcPeIAP3npYetw1jSBjKyXikt2fR-PGiOWfcmx0jOc-uE3UG3ts0CgGYsqFhXSFwIZw89y2uycfeCy4mXRN0eEJ2ouTgB-S6wGXjWtSH-sWJ6VSysw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">15<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 100 \u062c\u0645\/\u062f\u0633\u0645\u00b3 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 200 cpsi (\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629) \u0625\u0644\u0649 200 \u062c\u0645\/\u062f\u0633\u0645\u00b3 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 400 cpsi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 20-100 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHMV4UAVlpI6Y-CAGeqoJ0EpeYm--7Rx1UrQbOofUY6n56N_0wBfZTkEDB4_46dW2H8fOFDszMumFFC02hQ1LWVKA0tRzPJH9qZZFDYRhGYnRCYX2XZOBUlUNlFsDXvO7ao8wDrt8T3nxC6Ijg1EfB8-spI_BOFbSYjRjHG3ZPuDT1RZD-1NKpRQ_yO2-jbVJopgz5pweI9EAYu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">11<\/a>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 25 \u062c\u0645\/\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 90 \u062c\u0645\/\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 50 \u062c\u0645\/\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 250 \u062c\u0645\/\u0644&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFk5LACQ5JtHRey2JrL0T7Iy-BOOaxZe62L8HcPeIAP3npYetw1jSBjKyXikt2fR-PGiOWfcmx0jOc-uE3UG3ts0CgGYsqFhXSFwIZw89y2uycfeCy4mXRN0eEJ2ouTgB-S6wGXjWtSH-sWJ6VSysw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">15<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 (PGMs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Pt)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0648&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Pd)<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaNJ_3CvRvSS6SXwwBzzcrdDoNQGMQOyQbRAFEQUBlPaGfiBkhR1Ic2GfgLdYRKXxYpiH3NTDrB0GV5tspgNhX1HS7hNXT6LUCGUtVliv8q8P56Zb0IPFuV8xpNA-m2JaJvbD7Q_vAau6VxHpw_S9XsnPj8IhedJtM56FKxwitOnwPaRzbquKpYYp-rUPM3OCLGcrV790KDsf9cYDRH1oZV_Ifsz-LkD__z4dffXDzLk4=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 CO \u0648HC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Pt) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Pd) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Rh)<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pt \u0648 Pd:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rh (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEGGSz5Oasq6INDTZy3KuEfDKi5nYzgSGCtbhF2H60JJGZrILqa4PyX6FQYm5WgowJ35Q8SVspmp8F8XXpAI8JsgHyAvYeFE9oEnqevd1fEZxzIEZDqG50QQdcVq1uhhB_MBojxilYOoB28S_yndfIvIM-vIvYUNAFOINmnS9IJyLIzgG5ne6uAEguyVfRrLqp89bEqcTfZ4c03nRsHait6skT4lK7jf9xCF-pSJXNAiJw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 PGM \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 1.0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.8 \u062c\u0645\/\u062f\u0633\u0645\u00b3 (30 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50 \u062c\u0645\/\u0642\u062f\u0645\u00b3)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.1 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.15% \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 &#034;\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621&#034; (\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639) \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEGGSz5Oasq6INDTZy3KuEfDKi5nYzgSGCtbhF2H60JJGZrILqa4PyX6FQYm5WgowJ35Q8SVspmp8F8XXpAI8JsgHyAvYeFE9oEnqevd1fEZxzIEZDqG50QQdcVq1uhhB_MBojxilYOoB28S_yndfIvIM-vIvYUNAFOINmnS9IJyLIzgG5ne6uAEguyVfRrLqp89bEqcTfZ4c03nRsHait6skT4lK7jf9xCF-pSJXNAiJw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.4. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062d\u062a &#034;\u0634\u0644\u0627\u0644&#034; \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0628:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0633.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHPVkWQ7pnElqy7y-k9coi98ys5LpYPuNzQj3fUxCkU5LAJdb5JPX3IgLdd2D5AkNdJxothsHjOT1KSUdnr8YuADuKMkxMKwlUG5DECi4kJZ-ySp3Q16fxYtLgm1hAPjKzt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">14<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.5. \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>\u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFk5LACQ5JtHRey2JrL0T7Iy-BOOaxZe62L8HcPeIAP3npYetw1jSBjKyXikt2fR-PGiOWfcmx0jOc-uE3UG3ts0CgGYsqFhXSFwIZw89y2uycfeCy4mXRN0eEJ2ouTgB-S6wGXjWtSH-sWJ6VSysw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">15<\/a>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQED9YW4L2vg-8cPtwT0DTV_7ngkeAi-eHFQ7sbjNF74_ziI9vILBmREIiK4zLQqh6pjH91DFFZ4XmZXMg2PnSabzbxbn2WwbUFSkZ2SsFh4GuySUpQ4uM2mGu2v75yR9tNoa1zq8x2nsyrlXzphRMI77vtF_IYE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQED9YW4L2vg-8cPtwT0DTV_7ngkeAi-eHFQ7sbjNF74_ziI9vILBmREIiK4zLQqh6pjH91DFFZ4XmZXMg2PnSabzbxbn2WwbUFSkZ2SsFh4GuySUpQ4uM2mGu2v75yR9tNoa1zq8x2nsyrlXzphRMI77vtF_IYE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFk5LACQ5JtHRey2JrL0T7Iy-BOOaxZe62L8HcPeIAP3npYetw1jSBjKyXikt2fR-PGiOWfcmx0jOc-uE3UG3ts0CgGYsqFhXSFwIZw89y2uycfeCy4mXRN0eEJ2ouTgB-S6wGXjWtSH-sWJ6VSysw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">15<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1. \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644&nbsp;<strong>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (CO)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0648&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (HC)<\/strong>. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGCIFRXbf_1ON606zcGuX_AIc6d6_Fmme4FBn1pddqL_fr_vE_323fSEM7mXzhkr2DojFOWMVLEjpvmqKMz_dRyYK1tgqZuPNFFkdGX6n8D01vMgeEdP-Kc7Pd_J8iYXCy9x7a7S0dglK2Sj_O3Z73iWphBKZ5KJFjzp-qCMyr-ermxDJ3nAlLr4JfDazB4B-LpCDog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>. \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0645&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGiI37Lrwd7rQKfjRtepwBTfmHu0zjR7A_QzYFRuydirRR5r1yV8TipBn9zOMkehBXhgYqpA1AvqTLw9qXONDHJ6q2WhghUmHE4ki_44Mu6Pd82Y3yFDua6bN96nJWhzxg2ha2roBl2IfLRLeXPO0jN5Ky93pcOYM-KUypRpHSwd0w7tgpokgdfceH9BKB_de4nZPIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648&nbsp;<strong>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (NOx)<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGiI37Lrwd7rQKfjRtepwBTfmHu0zjR7A_QzYFRuydirRR5r1yV8TipBn9zOMkehBXhgYqpA1AvqTLw9qXONDHJ6q2WhghUmHE4ki_44Mu6Pd82Y3yFDua6bN96nJWhzxg2ha2roBl2IfLRLeXPO0jN5Ky93pcOYM-KUypRpHSwd0w7tgpokgdfceH9BKB_de4nZPIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644&nbsp;<strong>CO \u0648HC \u0648NOx<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGCIFRXbf_1ON606zcGuX_AIc6d6_Fmme4FBn1pddqL_fr_vE_323fSEM7mXzhkr2DojFOWMVLEjpvmqKMz_dRyYK1tgqZuPNFFkdGX6n8D01vMgeEdP-Kc7Pd_J8iYXCy9x7a7S0dglK2Sj_O3Z73iWphBKZ5KJFjzp-qCMyr-ermxDJ3nAlLr4JfDazB4B-LpCDog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">16<\/a>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<strong>\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 95% \u0644\u0640 CO \u0648HC \u0648NOx<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQG5KLM9nc1uXCkTwEmqfHLGkStvGJTdve4NDnnXlIbpxhkzR8urUSu8TZZ-5Ds1F8cPcv5lnZa-wHwicvKSG_IB3fdoES10thB2slAThdcdHqfyzFDd-rlnROO8dpndubR5T3MiDvopv9foXYFy9W8m3EJFlaJHXus=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">19<\/a>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 99% \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQH8lzhJBP4zKysynzUhqO6-cdc5Az6R_DLlw1MF1zrzDaspEFQvvEY2KLQmFUuuQ3RW-I4C_E_UqGiKluDVP8M40-AxTbrngQQxJsn5ZxMXWNgfMpe2YzYRUzVUglU1Iifgnd0AEnUYslqvZIEBAGfGqXk=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">26<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2. \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645&nbsp;<strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a&nbsp;<strong>250 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEAe4318vt13r726bCJDaGiLuYWZxUg29U5bg_nhky1fuWiTwzBh4Hko_lRfMg9HSDeTCGXi8iMybRTuSEk1Ak0QCQ_CVwDzaD6xgbuMzbqZP9dfGby4HmzhhX1qEQF7QdtIymJhj44Qe4b6C7t2POkORlOC70=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>. \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQH8lzhJBP4zKysynzUhqO6-cdc5Az6R_DLlw1MF1zrzDaspEFQvvEY2KLQmFUuuQ3RW-I4C_E_UqGiKluDVP8M40-AxTbrngQQxJsn5ZxMXWNgfMpe2YzYRUzVUglU1Iifgnd0AEnUYslqvZIEBAGfGqXk=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">26<\/a>\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEAe4318vt13r726bCJDaGiLuYWZxUg29U5bg_nhky1fuWiTwzBh4Hko_lRfMg9HSDeTCGXi8iMybRTuSEk1Ak0QCQ_CVwDzaD6xgbuMzbqZP9dfGby4HmzhhX1qEQF7QdtIymJhj44Qe4b6C7t2POkORlOC70=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 400 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 800 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGhrP_ulno_T2TzUlYyLnjLWBN2LhHUCCx9oGA249I5q5FvyJj1cdbDm14zdTqBTobBGyriYm4YMt1uvOQqtntNVOIrOQHDl8zIQGdHJkzeSYOWAhNukYv4bkQ039bHjECN-0Ff0_nWcuj_b96njjyw9T58pA1yVFX3caVMDomvYmI=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">12<\/a>. \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGiI37Lrwd7rQKfjRtepwBTfmHu0zjR7A_QzYFRuydirRR5r1yV8TipBn9zOMkehBXhgYqpA1AvqTLw9qXONDHJ6q2WhghUmHE4ki_44Mu6Pd82Y3yFDua6bN96nJWhzxg2ha2roBl2IfLRLeXPO0jN5Ky93pcOYM-KUypRpHSwd0w7tgpokgdfceH9BKB_de4nZPIs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">6<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cold Start Emissions:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQH8lzhJBP4zKysynzUhqO6-cdc5Az6R_DLlw1MF1zrzDaspEFQvvEY2KLQmFUuuQ3RW-I4C_E_UqGiKluDVP8M40-AxTbrngQQxJsn5ZxMXWNgfMpe2YzYRUzVUglU1Iifgnd0AEnUYslqvZIEBAGfGqXk=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">26<\/a>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGSyqht1tn-3_KoacMT7zpBGXL6_KwwtymXXk1MQYEYtqnerOn6sEXqbaI7U-n6ApJ1o2AMmmjI-AfdTbYfsoBRjpkt_eXHSD5ppnqXoTUoRzCVBWNdbvaupe2Drdq7B880q7CBHwXKTyTo8XTpKvBPA8VfoEwdPTextqDOVdx-MMW9-O9A0y4CW5IL15-Ip6ImRtCMhe1Uuos3Bcdlm6GM9E4ivCyb3o8GZ2AcSh8dNTNwtC-EHZ6rCnA3L_7VglvFKopLxQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">28<\/a>.\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 &#034;\u0645\u064f\u0637\u0641\u0623\u0629&#034; \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643) \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEGGSz5Oasq6INDTZy3KuEfDKi5nYzgSGCtbhF2H60JJGZrILqa4PyX6FQYm5WgowJ35Q8SVspmp8F8XXpAI8JsgHyAvYeFE9oEnqevd1fEZxzIEZDqG50QQdcVq1uhhB_MBojxilYOoB28S_yndfIvIM-vIvYUNAFOINmnS9IJyLIzgG5ne6uAEguyVfRrLqp89bEqcTfZ4c03nRsHait6skT4lK7jf9xCF-pSJXNAiJw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">18<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.3. \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEAe4318vt13r726bCJDaGiLuYWZxUg29U5bg_nhky1fuWiTwzBh4Hko_lRfMg9HSDeTCGXi8iMybRTuSEk1Ak0QCQ_CVwDzaD6xgbuMzbqZP9dfGby4HmzhhX1qEQF7QdtIymJhj44Qe4b6C7t2POkORlOC70=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQED9YW4L2vg-8cPtwT0DTV_7ngkeAi-eHFQ7sbjNF74_ziI9vILBmREIiK4zLQqh6pjH91DFFZ4XmZXMg2PnSabzbxbn2WwbUFSkZ2SsFh4GuySUpQ4uM2mGu2v75yR9tNoa1zq8x2nsyrlXzphRMI77vtF_IYE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">7<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFEDZhMt1nRypsSSsqHO8sAKrp9WcfyIHkE-mBwkFT1_dwtB-TzW_MKg5N4tnUjCnfM8WQRyh-5K3kO1f7lj1g-lJ2FRS0YBZ4a3yQEfuA08h1N9tfCrvIyjyK2WH07OPrn4u7tikJWef1GfPTje-3k0DiNijztvzZlZiwb_OGtGPwQaUM1DNInGOrOwWA=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">13<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0632\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEAe4318vt13r726bCJDaGiLuYWZxUg29U5bg_nhky1fuWiTwzBh4Hko_lRfMg9HSDeTCGXi8iMybRTuSEk1Ak0QCQ_CVwDzaD6xgbuMzbqZP9dfGby4HmzhhX1qEQF7QdtIymJhj44Qe4b6C7t2POkORlOC70=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEAe4318vt13r726bCJDaGiLuYWZxUg29U5bg_nhky1fuWiTwzBh4Hko_lRfMg9HSDeTCGXi8iMybRTuSEk1Ak0QCQ_CVwDzaD6xgbuMzbqZP9dfGby4HmzhhX1qEQF7QdtIymJhj44Qe4b6C7t2POkORlOC70=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEAe4318vt13r726bCJDaGiLuYWZxUg29U5bg_nhky1fuWiTwzBh4Hko_lRfMg9HSDeTCGXi8iMybRTuSEk1Ak0QCQ_CVwDzaD6xgbuMzbqZP9dfGby4HmzhhX1qEQF7QdtIymJhj44Qe4b6C7t2POkORlOC70=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEAe4318vt13r726bCJDaGiLuYWZxUg29U5bg_nhky1fuWiTwzBh4Hko_lRfMg9HSDeTCGXi8iMybRTuSEk1Ak0QCQ_CVwDzaD6xgbuMzbqZP9dfGby4HmzhhX1qEQF7QdtIymJhj44Qe4b6C7t2POkORlOC70=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0647\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647. \u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627) \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 28% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 3000 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEAe4318vt13r726bCJDaGiLuYWZxUg29U5bg_nhky1fuWiTwzBh4Hko_lRfMg9HSDeTCGXi8iMybRTuSEk1Ak0QCQ_CVwDzaD6xgbuMzbqZP9dfGby4HmzhhX1qEQF7QdtIymJhj44Qe4b6C7t2POkORlOC70=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">20<\/a>\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c NEDC\u060c USFTP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (NEDC).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGSyqht1tn-3_KoacMT7zpBGXL6_KwwtymXXk1MQYEYtqnerOn6sEXqbaI7U-n6ApJ1o2AMmmjI-AfdTbYfsoBRjpkt_eXHSD5ppnqXoTUoRzCVBWNdbvaupe2Drdq7B880q7CBHwXKTyTo8XTpKvBPA8VfoEwdPTextqDOVdx-MMW9-O9A0y4CW5IL15-Ip6ImRtCMhe1Uuos3Bcdlm6GM9E4ivCyb3o8GZ2AcSh8dNTNwtC-EHZ6rCnA3L_7VglvFKopLxQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">28<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (\u03bb=1) \u0641\u064a TWC&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQH8lzhJBP4zKysynzUhqO6-cdc5Az6R_DLlw1MF1zrzDaspEFQvvEY2KLQmFUuuQ3RW-I4C_E_UqGiKluDVP8M40-AxTbrngQQxJsn5ZxMXWNgfMpe2YzYRUzVUglU1Iifgnd0AEnUYslqvZIEBAGfGqXk=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">26<\/a>\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\/\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGSyqht1tn-3_KoacMT7zpBGXL6_KwwtymXXk1MQYEYtqnerOn6sEXqbaI7U-n6ApJ1o2AMmmjI-AfdTbYfsoBRjpkt_eXHSD5ppnqXoTUoRzCVBWNdbvaupe2Drdq7B880q7CBHwXKTyTo8XTpKvBPA8VfoEwdPTextqDOVdx-MMW9-O9A0y4CW5IL15-Ip6ImRtCMhe1Uuos3Bcdlm6GM9E4ivCyb3o8GZ2AcSh8dNTNwtC-EHZ6rCnA3L_7VglvFKopLxQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">28<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u064f\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 China 4 \u0648China 5\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGBhKIqUBO0YmaY5mUP3rsMrtxqCfLn02tdoqD_K-2_Df9N_iw7kwZpBcCubk4YWEmaMyf-Nr_1Sk66mFF0YhDq2hyrHzxBfnKZIDb5V1reob2FlTGhxZ0EYoN4D4hDcdA8r1EsXB-LPfl7th6-tDYrJaHFWlI4XlvOvAr-MLS0_VgsmuJyLvMNyXbsVRV1a6YJixM=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">29<\/a>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a (SCR).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGBhKIqUBO0YmaY5mUP3rsMrtxqCfLn02tdoqD_K-2_Df9N_iw7kwZpBcCubk4YWEmaMyf-Nr_1Sk66mFF0YhDq2hyrHzxBfnKZIDb5V1reob2FlTGhxZ0EYoN4D4hDcdA8r1EsXB-LPfl7th6-tDYrJaHFWlI4XlvOvAr-MLS0_VgsmuJyLvMNyXbsVRV1a6YJixM=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">29<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 TWCs \u0648SCR \u0648NOx Storage Catalysts (NSC) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH3) \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643 (HNCO).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGGhLviU03r2I4w5MCzN48EM6sMPILyU2SjC_8vbDH9zYTjjhSYQLkhVm7YS6eKBC12_U9W8M9F5QSd24sV6RGEFx0M8fBmtsWed8HrCyep6cpSngH0P07CvdklC0dGZlScicgQqkd7tmx1MKqsK_M587VL33dsjWsvM8nWaLvOVEyYw24Alw9pOnxT9LX73WqyyIMO2Bbv52YYMzJ0Q_v5EiXnIbUyC91vNXEzkTTnn4xZbSzVWskjMAaBldzaOEACGu7KZBNe5D8wDILWnJeE0GNyKN7r4_D7gGgvHYKVTjbcB-WqHb8b--klJubJl7_hY4WuNd4sLPzItQen3eLWEf47EoPqjTyATDIsrtYJ1y4S4eGSV_UKCx2JVXDmBie63Fak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">30<\/a>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a (SCR) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b NH3 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGGhLviU03r2I4w5MCzN48EM6sMPILyU2SjC_8vbDH9zYTjjhSYQLkhVm7YS6eKBC12_U9W8M9F5QSd24sV6RGEFx0M8fBmtsWed8HrCyep6cpSngH0P07CvdklC0dGZlScicgQqkd7tmx1MKqsK_M587VL33dsjWsvM8nWaLvOVEyYw24Alw9pOnxT9LX73WqyyIMO2Bbv52YYMzJ0Q_v5EiXnIbUyC91vNXEzkTTnn4xZbSzVWskjMAaBldzaOEACGu7KZBNe5D8wDILWnJeE0GNyKN7r4_D7gGgvHYKVTjbcB-WqHb8b--klJubJl7_hY4WuNd4sLPzItQen3eLWEf47EoPqjTyATDIsrtYJ1y4S4eGSV_UKCx2JVXDmBie63Fak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">30<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.5. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0634\u062e\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0645\u0632 P0420)\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGuOZwTR5uvWTRFaI-nYzA_Jwx927YBe1qXiN9yIR67dAA9Vm8TC3kFMHTNdSupZxYcCbekGgFmsRImtnMqljnz3jM0DcE4hZ9nAu61Dd7j1MvNX_3DRskII68IopadTyHchON8hzdipLx7ZrS9E02UKq0qPpMlSvNNBG72EthQfKs0CQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">31<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<strong>450 \u0625\u0644\u0649 450<em>\u062a<\/em><em>\u0627\u0644<\/em>4200<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGuOZwTR5uvWTRFaI-nYzA_Jwx927YBe1qXiN9yIR67dAA9Vm8TC3kFMHTNdSupZxYcCbekGgFmsRImtnMqljnz3jM0DcE4hZ9nAu61Dd7j1MvNX_3DRskII68IopadTyHchON8hzdipLx7ZrS9E02UKq0qPpMlSvNNBG72EthQfKs0CQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">31<\/a>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 (\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 (\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 (\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 CARB \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 EPA).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQH1nnrc2I2jbK_qsJRIygmykX_ZRw4ePSbCbzi9_ENXD_kgQ5RYdkWSs8eEf7FhR2zdDFXUup6Molw3RWEfoL4TazzSAMlHm35s9z7wdBSPElqpwCTyRcYzI1MWo15XF7oFCvYI_JeDP5aTfbMLypjd5vjhYHYZQ0RCCwCUD30NP5w-MjU2KJ7-KIFw-gwg74bqt9fnMGN5lfUWe_cCjBAP54M-wZk=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">31<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGuOZwTR5uvWTRFaI-nYzA_Jwx927YBe1qXiN9yIR67dAA9Vm8TC3kFMHTNdSupZxYcCbekGgFmsRImtnMqljnz3jM0DcE4hZ9nAu61Dd7j1MvNX_3DRskII68IopadTyHchON8hzdipLx7ZrS9E02UKq0qPpMlSvNNBG72EthQfKs0CQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">31<\/a>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGuOZwTR5uvWTRFaI-nYzA_Jwx927YBe1qXiN9yIR67dAA9Vm8TC3kFMHTNdSupZxYcCbekGgFmsRImtnMqljnz3jM0DcE4hZ9nAu61Dd7j1MvNX_3DRskII68IopadTyHchON8hzdipLx7ZrS9E02UKq0qPpMlSvNNBG72EthQfKs0CQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">31<\/a>. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQH1nnrc2I2jbK_qsJRIygmykX_ZRw4ePSbCbzi9_ENXD_kgQ5RYdkWSs8eEf7FhR2zdDFXUup6Molw3RWEfoL4TazzSAMlHm35s9z7wdBSPElqpwCTyRcYzI1MWo15XF7oFCvYI_JeDP5aTfbMLypjd5vjhYHYZQ0RCCwCUD30NP5w-MjU2KJ7-KIFw-gwg74bqt9fnMGN5lfUWe_cCjBAP54M-wZk=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">31<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGuOZwTR5uvWTRFaI-nYzA_Jwx927YBe1qXiN9yIR67dAA9Vm8TC3kFMHTNdSupZxYcCbekGgFmsRImtnMqljnz3jM0DcE4hZ9nAu61Dd7j1MvNX_3DRskII68IopadTyHchON8hzdipLx7ZrS9E02UKq0qPpMlSvNNBG72EthQfKs0CQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">31<\/a>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGdXD_WWw6WoAGp5kBcsqKhXaoT_0X4PVaPiN9W73-mBwjCazPeG2mO9tBn-xafhavhF0ryqXbUq5lqmxjNBw636x8ww_7hZuky8F9QvHTN2g9wXAHOCA6kTJ9oOgbiyGAusGKJZcds3UBRt8fJSyh5oBJvOUVTgM3hvliTla_ktRuGMo4inBDvDNUhLC_KKfUAb51MWWwqlWi4MkseyblqoY1OKYkHau-XcWjqQqzpRJqqf7mBPzmvKUf4DPHH2UXy_iw7TvhEoLVCJyC1pfxepNYhxmudlRJcqOVR_pw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">34<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u064c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064d \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0629 &#034;\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627&#034;\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0645\u064f\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1. \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a: \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644&nbsp;<strong>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1970<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFCM47hdVINcipT0e58rsACE-PcoBebODOBbQFcUV2pI2Kz0wpiDANLdmw9UMca3ElGtBpilFSo3b7BW-P8p9vJ7UBwU-OZEpaifyZNJacEpM0mGXQbP534Y_fkd-RlU6igCARcNhSfvsEmwz8fsJ08ysd8H21KgwtI5i0EFUwR7tGWie9FLCQd-7AiDPBOsuHgfepeCzDTr3s=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">21<\/a>. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 90\u066a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1975\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFCM47hdVINcipT0e58rsACE-PcoBebODOBbQFcUV2pI2Kz0wpiDANLdmw9UMca3ElGtBpilFSo3b7BW-P8p9vJ7UBwU-OZEpaifyZNJacEpM0mGXQbP534Y_fkd-RlU6igCARcNhSfvsEmwz8fsJ08ysd8H21KgwtI5i0EFUwR7tGWie9FLCQd-7AiDPBOsuHgfepeCzDTr3s=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">21<\/a>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#034;\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627&#034; \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 1975:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1975&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFbP8uKCel6XupeAkaar5gln0B6jRssssJSTJuBRI5elHB18xkISUPi5_vmJPhd0ZyhtZ7xkLjE0WC6Fk_GgO7605Jj__P56lAdzyxFxPZLUZPdWBxYDynthAVajeBlGDX2xSR3EUjXqrKKq4mhagayV2E-6dv2rm7a9D64x8P7Y1PqBXF-NidTbo8w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">21<\/a>\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1975\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFCM47hdVINcipT0e58rsACE-PcoBebODOBbQFcUV2pI2Kz0wpiDANLdmw9UMca3ElGtBpilFSo3b7BW-P8p9vJ7UBwU-OZEpaifyZNJacEpM0mGXQbP534Y_fkd-RlU6igCARcNhSfvsEmwz8fsJ08ysd8H21KgwtI5i0EFUwR7tGWie9FLCQd-7AiDPBOsuHgfepeCzDTr3s=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">21<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFCM47hdVINcipT0e58rsACE-PcoBebODOBbQFcUV2pI2Kz0wpiDANLdmw9UMca3ElGtBpilFSo3b7BW-P8p9vJ7UBwU-OZEpaifyZNJacEpM0mGXQbP534Y_fkd-RlU6igCARcNhSfvsEmwz8fsJ08ysd8H21KgwtI5i0EFUwR7tGWie9FLCQd-7AiDPBOsuHgfepeCzDTr3s=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">21<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>1981: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d.&nbsp;<strong>1981<\/strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649&nbsp;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFCM47hdVINcipT0e58rsACE-PcoBebODOBbQFcUV2pI2Kz0wpiDANLdmw9UMca3ElGtBpilFSo3b7BW-P8p9vJ7UBwU-OZEpaifyZNJacEpM0mGXQbP534Y_fkd-RlU6igCARcNhSfvsEmwz8fsJ08ysd8H21KgwtI5i0EFUwR7tGWie9FLCQd-7AiDPBOsuHgfepeCzDTr3s=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0648 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 240 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1977.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEKV4HRiInMnO2AsYPF3oxrZvAv08qXpTZ-PjOIfJhdBQ5qSv10ehTzuz2q1Ue_gBoKH1FNSZJLnSpG_NFibONy05b-8wqHn9bBFwvkezL2v50gAkwcNBaexHOeZnD7P8tLIE6vRKGV_kRlcJw=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0627\u0644&nbsp;<strong>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (PM)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 (I\/M) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGTu5Qjp1YMNO4YtG2WCGH-ndWOFNZlC3QSq6t8cKuaFoqADl7ge6jc14ueGwy4A5uRAWaQ46ksg3cfIKVuleTqqXak99xrULo1KhHXrsoSvWyJL5-T3X2c40z03eJXWX42pWTGoFEcuPNhKrCF1nSud2Wa_2BReQHJRJnI7Ob4dMl4IZed-OAs1pfSvVBVjXWXK08XBbXdEGbxBQmCYUzg7-I2hDTLR1kc3tkk1yQBPQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">23<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 3 (2017):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2017<\/strong>\u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQGTu5Qjp1YMNO4YtG2WCGH-ndWOFNZlC3QSq6t8cKuaFoqADl7ge6jc14ueGwy4A5uRAWaQ46ksg3cfIKVuleTqqXak99xrULo1KhHXrsoSvWyJL5-T3X2c40z03eJXWX42pWTGoFEcuPNhKrCF1nSud2Wa_2BReQHJRJnI7Ob4dMl4IZed-OAs1pfSvVBVjXWXK08XBbXdEGbxBQmCYUzg7-I2hDTLR1kc3tkk1yQBPQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">23<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a: \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 1 (1993):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646&nbsp;<strong>1 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1993<\/strong>\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0640&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 1<\/strong>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEUXfyNbSmYsqkrrY8Hr6vaxfO91Bj5J3ntU61xuukymgv4KF_QrHXsC42qtRxrfLR2wzeC-pdSKED_8bfzdy4pko4bDfpF0rgK82nwnRsoH_uWE8HEYYg8nkcLu8Sbk93wU6BpocRNc9P3UiCCJRXZQBzsFWGhPfjZoYJD1TVxt84=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">22<\/a>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEUXfyNbSmYsqkrrY8Hr6vaxfO91Bj5J3ntU61xuukymgv4KF_QrHXsC42qtRxrfLR2wzeC-pdSKED_8bfzdy4pko4bDfpF0rgK82nwnRsoH_uWE8HEYYg8nkcLu8Sbk93wU6BpocRNc9P3UiCCJRXZQBzsFWGhPfjZoYJD1TVxt84=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">24<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 6 (2014):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c&nbsp;<strong>\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 6<\/strong>\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0647\u060c Euro 6d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2021&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEUXfyNbSmYsqkrrY8Hr6vaxfO91Bj5J3ntU61xuukymgv4KF_QrHXsC42qtRxrfLR2wzeC-pdSKED_8bfzdy4pko4bDfpF0rgK82nwnRsoH_uWE8HEYYg8nkcLu8Sbk93wU6BpocRNc9P3UiCCJRXZQBzsFWGhPfjZoYJD1TVxt84=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">24<\/a>\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (2020):<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0641\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a) 2019\/631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2020\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a&nbsp;<strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u062d\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEUXfyNbSmYsqkrrY8Hr6vaxfO91Bj5J3ntU61xuukymgv4KF_QrHXsC42qtRxrfLR2wzeC-pdSKED_8bfzdy4pko4bDfpF0rgK82nwnRsoH_uWE8HEYYg8nkcLu8Sbk93wU6BpocRNc9P3UiCCJRXZQBzsFWGhPfjZoYJD1TVxt84=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">24<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.3. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHJE1Df7HoYKmd2BNQyvHihVPxpahESGcQNBsClpJhP-x-EeQldh8XLzVrFVVP4sbZOkjFbR_y7Rj31wcjEreADp6VrihKge_xElTOaLkftwyAgbZq0LYxCAgXvo47hYVM_9u_PU4aLqVArIeBJNCxJZIDXLBbgoUJHUlPjHbYSQHLB_yqvRMn_hn_InMyp1pMwf72rIwLjqGyHrHMvH-KbSBnBUAsw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">25<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0664\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0666.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHJE1Df7HoYKmd2BNQyvHihVPxpahESGcQNBsClpJhP-x-EeQldh8XLzVrFVVP4sbZOkjFbR_y7Rj31wcjEreADp6VrihKge_xElTOaLkftwyAgbZq0LYxCAgXvo47hYVM_9u_PU4aLqVArIeBJNCxJZIDXLBbgoUJHUlPjHbYSQHLB_yqvRMn_hn_InMyp1pMwf72rIwLjqGyHrHMvH-KbSBnBUAsw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">25<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQHJE1Df7HoYKmd2BNQyvHihVPxpahESGcQNBsClpJhP-x-EeQldh8XLzVrFVVP4sbZOkjFbR_y7Rj31wcjEreADp6VrihKge_xElTOaLkftwyAgbZq0LYxCAgXvo47hYVM_9u_PU4aLqVArIeBJNCxJZIDXLBbgoUJHUlPjHbYSQHLB_yqvRMn_hn_InMyp1pMwf72rIwLjqGyHrHMvH-KbSBnBUAsw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">25<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFbP8uKCel6XupeAkaar5gln0B6jRssssJSTJuBRI5elHB18xkISUPi5_vmJPhd0ZyhtZ7xkLjE0WC6Fk_GgO7605Jj__P56lAdzyxFxPZLUZPdWBxYDynthAVajeBlGDX2xSR3EUjXqrKKq4mhagayV2E-6dv2rm7a9D64x8P7Y1PqBXF-NidTbo8w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">22<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062d&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQFbP8uKCel6XupeAkaar5gln0B6jRssssJSTJuBRI5elHB18xkISUPi5_vmJPhd0ZyhtZ7xkLjE0WC6Fk_GgO7605Jj__P56lAdzyxFxPZLUZPdWBxYDynthAVajeBlGDX2xSR3EUjXqrKKq4mhagayV2E-6dv2rm7a9D64x8P7Y1PqBXF-NidTbo8w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">22<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong>&nbsp;\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629) \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1<\/a>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 &#034;\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a&#034; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0629 (LNTs) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a (SCR) \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/vertexaisearch.cloud.google.com\/grounding-api-redirect\/AUZIYQEaz274RyWl8sugWoRrKS27uro9orypfHXYdHdMYm4m5Em_f07wq2VTaHX1Q-2TsnxTHH722xcXXe9l7XX3KHGdvpO60S3V2mqKadlrAdH4UeVBLwMq9Fdd_kLPmrxPVSy0PiSuxN1rp9hCSO-HiP5ZT6DKK8DQpTqwqQ==\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>flowchart TD subgraph Engine Combustion A[Fuel + Air] &#8211;> B(Combustion) end B &#8211;> C{Exhaust Gases} subgraph Two-Way Catalytic Converter C &#8211;> D[Two-Way Converter] D &#8212; Pt, Pd &#8211;> E{Oxidation Reactions} E &#8211;> F[CO + HC] F &#8211;> G[CO2 + H2O] G &#8211;> H[Cleaned Exhaust (No NOx Reduction)] end subgraph Three-Way Catalytic Converter C &#8211;> I{Oxygen Sensor Feedback} I &#8212; Signal to ECU &#8211;> J[ECU Adjusts Fuel Injection] J &#8211;> B C &#8211;> K[Three-Way Converter] K &#8212; Pt, Pd, Rh, CeO2 &#8211;> L{Redox Reactions} L &#8211;> M[CO + HC + NOx] M &#8211;> N[CO2 + H2O + N2] N &#8211;> O[Cleaned Exhaust (All Three Pollutants Reduced)] end style D fill:#f9f,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px style K fill:#9f9,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px style H fill:#add8e6,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px style O fill:#add8e6,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explore the difference between 2-way &#038; 3-way catalytic converters. This report details their principles, functions &#038; impact on reducing CO, HC, and NOx.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3444,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowgdPcCw:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[533,458,528,106,529,109,526,515,523,520,530,462,534,466,527,521,532,32,522,102,107,482,525,105,113,26,519,410,524,531],"class_list":["post-3439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide","tag-automotive-emission-standards","tag-automotive-emissions","tag-car-maintenance","tag-catalytic-converter","tag-catalytic-converter-differences","tag-catalytic-converter-function","tag-catalytic-converter-problems","tag-catalytic-converter-types","tag-clean-air-act","tag-co-reduction","tag-emission-control-systems","tag-emissions-control","tag-emissions-control-technology","tag-environmental-protection","tag-environmental-regulation","tag-euro-emission-standards","tag-exhaust-gas-treatment","tag-exhaust-system","tag-hc-oxidation","tag-nox-reduction","tag-oxidation-catalyst","tag-oxygen-sensor","tag-pgm-catalysts","tag-reduction-catalyst","tag-rhodium","tag-three-way-catalytic-converter","tag-two-way-catalytic-converter","tag-vehicle-emissions","tag-vehicle-emissions-standards","tag-vehicle-exhaust-systems"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3439"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3439\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3444"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}