{"id":6284,"date":"2025-12-17T18:33:57","date_gmt":"2025-12-18T02:33:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/?p=6284"},"modified":"2025-12-19T00:24:48","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T08:24:48","slug":"ultimate-bmw-three-way-catalytic-converter-guide-5-key-steps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/ultimate-bmw-three-way-catalytic-converter-guide-5-key-steps\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u BMW: 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00f4 t\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng trong k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m \u1edf... b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed tr\u01a1. Xe BMW s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c. H\u1ecfng h\u00f3c \u1edf b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 xe th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u sai v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c cao. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb1ng sau b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a BMW. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c OEM v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c h\u1eadu m\u00e3i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e2u d\u00e0i cho xe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. V\u1ec1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra carbon dioxide, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u <\/a>N\u00f3 nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o ba h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u oxit nit\u01a1 (NOx) Oxit nit\u01a1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 xi lanh cao. Ch\u00fang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 m\u01b0a axit. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1ch kim v\u00e0 rhodium. C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nit\u01a1 ra kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c gi\u1eef nit\u01a1. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng oxy. Hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nit\u01a1 sau \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh kh\u00ed nit\u01a1 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i ( ).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a cacbon monoxit (CO): Cacbon monoxit l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng oxy. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a. B\u1ea1ch kim v\u00e0 paladi \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ch\u00fang h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa cacbon monoxit v\u00e0 oxy. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra cacbon \u0111ioxit (CO\u2082).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a c\u00e1c hydrocarbon ch\u01b0a ch\u00e1y (HC): Hydrocarbon l\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u00f4. Ch\u00fang g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f3i b\u1ee5i. Ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c oxy h\u00f3a c\u0169ng nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c hydrocarbon n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra carbon dioxide v\u00e0 h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ( ).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    \"H\u01b0\u1edbng<\/a>
    H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    L\u1edbp n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1m nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed1i. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ong. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 (washcoat) bao ph\u1ee7 kh\u1ed1i g\u1ed1m n\u00e0y. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf d\u00f2ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 g\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef7 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed-nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u0103ng, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 14,7:1. B\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 (ECU) gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn oxy. N\u1ebfu h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p qu\u00e1 gi\u00e0u (qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u), nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a ch\u00e1y s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a. N\u1ebfu h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p qu\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o (qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed), oxit nit\u01a1 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c kh\u1eed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u1ecbp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a BMW<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a BMW thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 nh\u1eb1m t\u1ed1i \u01b0u hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t cho b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c. Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 BMW hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf "gh\u00e9p s\u00e1t". V\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c n\u00f3ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng. B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 "kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng" \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng 400\u00b0C \u0111\u1ebfn 600\u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1ee9ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 N54 ho\u1eb7c B58, t\u1ea1o ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. B\u1ed9 t\u0103ng \u00e1p c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam t\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. BMW b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a rung \u0111\u1ed9ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"B\u1ed9<\/a>
    B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng \u1ed1ng nh\u00e1nh cho BMW 320<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    So s\u00e1nh b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c OEM v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c h\u1eadu m\u00e3i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Khi thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng (OEM) ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c h\u1eadu m\u00e3i. S\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng OEM (Nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb g\u1ed1c) ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a xe. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd cao. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o g\u1ed1m c\u00f3 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 Euro 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba: B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty nh\u01b0 Catman thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e8n b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng thay th\u1ebf cao c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 "l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7" ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ECU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    B\u1ea3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y minh h\u1ecda s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ecdn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c OEM Cao c\u1ea5p H\u1eadu m\u00e3i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: Catman) Gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb H\u1eadu m\u00e3i V\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u1ec1n G\u1ed1m cao c\u1ea5p G\u1ed1m\/Kim lo\u1ea1i cao c\u1ea5p G\u1ed1m c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p M\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o (CPSI) 400 \u2013 600 400 \u2013 600 200 \u2013 300 H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd Cao (Pt, Pd, Rh) Cao (T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a) Th\u1ea5p \/ T\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7t C\u1ef1c cao V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf (T\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i) C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng (D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y\/Kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i) D\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y cao (L\u1ecdc k\u00e9m) B\u1ea3o h\u00e0nh 12-24 th\u00e1ng 12 th\u00e1ng C\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \/ Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Chi ph\u00ed Cao (\u00a3650\u2013\u00a31.100+) V\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i (\u00a3400\u2013\u00a3700) Th\u1ea5p (\u00a3150\u2013\u00a3300) Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    M\u1ed8T b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a xe. H\u1ecfng h\u00f3c th\u01b0\u1eddng cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u00eau k\u1ebft nhi\u1ec7t: Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 cao l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n g\u1ed1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn lu\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u01b0a ch\u00e1y h\u1ebft s\u1ebd b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y b\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m bao ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn bao g\u1ed3m l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0 silic. R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a ph\u1ed1t pho v\u00e0o. R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m m\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0a silic v\u00e0o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. H\u1ecfng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac: Va \u0111\u1eadp v\u1eadt l\u00fd g\u00e2y h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i. S\u1ed1c nhi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng l\u00e0m n\u1ee9t g\u1ed1m. Ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau l\u1ea1ch c\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c n\u00e0y. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ong b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u1ee5n. C\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 l\u00e0m t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn oxy cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00eda sau \u0111o kh\u00ed sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd. ECU so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00eda th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ECU \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00eda h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y... b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> N\u00f3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111ang ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 oxy. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00eda sau dao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. ECU s\u1ebd b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i (P0420 ho\u1eb7c P0430). Thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thay th\u1ebf b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u0169 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Quy tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u00e3 l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ki\u1ec3m tra m\u00e3 l\u1ed7i: Qu\u00e9t ECU. T\u00ecm c\u00e1c m\u00e3 l\u1ed7i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t (P0420\/P0430).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u: Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n (LTFT). \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh d\u01b0\u01a1ng cao cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u00e2m cao cho th\u1ea5y kim phun b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9. H\u00e3y kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ki\u1ec3m tra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9: S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec7t k\u1ebf h\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i. \u0110o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn v\u00e0o v\u00e0 ra c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i. \u1ed0ng d\u1eabn ra ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3ng h\u01a1n \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn v\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec7t \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ki\u1ec3m tra \u00e1p su\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c: Th\u00e1o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn oxy ph\u00eda th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngu\u1ed3n. L\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 \u0111o \u00e1p su\u1ea5t. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t qu\u00e1 cao cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n b\u1ecb t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u <\/a>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh. T\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n Euro 6 \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t. N\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf NOx v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea1ng h\u1ea1t. T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a EPA v\u00e0 CARB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1o b\u1ecf b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c b\u1ecb l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd th\u1ea3i ra l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng theo c\u1ea5p s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n. N\u00f3 cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00ed carbon monoxide v\u00e0 NOx tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c thay th\u1ebf ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o xe v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra MOT ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. Catman cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t ki\u1ec3u lo\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t: Quy tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Thay th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc BMW b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh. Sai l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1: Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 An to\u00e0n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      An to\u00e0n nhi\u1ec7t: H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ngu\u1ed9i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3 gi\u1eef nhi\u1ec7t trong nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1ch ly \u0111i\u1ec7n: Ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c \u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u1eafc quy. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111o\u1ea3n m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      N\u00e2ng xe: N\u00e2ng xe l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c. Ho\u1eb7c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2: Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn oxy. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, h\u00e3y ng\u1eaft k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u00f3 d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xo\u1eafn c\u00e1c d\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec7n. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 th\u00e1o c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 r\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e1o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Th\u00e1o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng: B\u00f4i dung d\u1ecbch th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c bu l\u00f4ng m\u1eb7t b\u00edch. G\u1ec9 s\u00e9t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m k\u1eb9t c\u00e1c \u1ed1c v\u00edt n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 dung d\u1ecbch ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3: D\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee1 ho\u1eb7c k\u00edch n\u00e2ng h\u1ed9p s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee1 ph\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00ean c\u00e1c bu l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 p\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Th\u00e1o l\u1eafp: Th\u00e1o bu l\u00f4ng b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng g\u00f3p. Th\u00e1o bu l\u00f4ng n\u00f3 kh\u1ecfi \u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa. Th\u00e1o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee5m. Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gio\u0103ng c\u0169.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3: L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      V\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t gio\u0103ng: Lu\u00f4n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gio\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Gio\u0103ng kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb: N\u00e2ng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi l\u00ean b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u <\/a>v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. Quan s\u00e1t m\u0169i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t: L\u1eafp bu l\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tay. Ch\u01b0a si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t. \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u0103n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00fang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 si\u1ebft l\u1ef1c: Si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1c bu l\u00f4ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb. Lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean si\u1ebft gi\u1eefa hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9 k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec1u. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1edd l\u00ea l\u1ef1c. Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a BMW (th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 25-35 Nm cho m\u1eb7t b\u00edch \u1ed1ng x\u1ea3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn: B\u00f4i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00ean ren c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed1ng k\u1eb9t d\u00ednh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn. Si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u00fang th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. N\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i d\u00e2y d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4: Kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111i\u1ec7n: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i \u1eafc quy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ed1c ECU: X\u00f3a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u00edch \u1ee9ng c\u0169. ECU c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ki\u1ec3m tra r\u00f2 r\u1ec9: Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. L\u1eafng nghe ti\u1ebfng r\u00edt. C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c xung kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t b\u00edch (tr\u00e1nh ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Chu tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec7t: Cho ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u00e1i th\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      B\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      K\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> Bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda: Thay th\u1ebf bugi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9n d\u00e2y \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda theo \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3. Ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec7t ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n x\u00fac t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u: H\u00e3y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cao c\u1ea5p. Lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda gi\u00fap gi\u1eef cho kim phun s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd. Kim phun b\u1ea9n s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phun s\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ea7u: Kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1ea7u. Gio\u0103ng n\u1eafp van l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean xe BMW. H\u01a1i d\u1ea7u l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn: Thay th\u1ebf c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn oxy sau m\u1ed7i 100.000 d\u1eb7m. C\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u00e9m s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u <\/a>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu xe BMW, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i \u01b0u, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o xe tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng (OEM) v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c h\u1eadu m\u00e3i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau. C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p h\u1eadu m\u00e3i cao c\u1ea5p, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Catman, l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. L\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Coi b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt. B\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Chi\u1ebfc xe s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e1p b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"B\u1ed9<\/a>
      B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u BMW F15<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      T\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t BMW v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh h\u00e3ng so v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eadu m\u00e3i.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6285,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowgdPcCw:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[1544,544,1547,1548,1546,452,550,99],"class_list":["post-6284","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide","tag-3-way-cat","tag-aftermarket-catalytic-converter","tag-bmw-catalytic-converter","tag-bmw-exhaust-system","tag-bmw-three-way-catalytic-converter-2","tag-catalytic-converter-replacement","tag-oem-catalytic-converter","tag-three-way-catalytic-converter-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6284","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6284"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6284\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6285"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6284"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6284"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6284"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}