{"id":6322,"date":"2025-12-29T18:14:44","date_gmt":"2025-12-30T02:14:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/?p=6322"},"modified":"2025-12-29T18:14:47","modified_gmt":"2025-12-30T02:14:47","slug":"three-way-catalytic-converter-pgm-load","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-pgm-load\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u: 7 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u00f4 t\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o...<a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\"> b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> \u0110\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc thu nh\u1ecf b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi xe c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>H\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee7 l\u00ean ch\u1ea5t mang x\u00fac t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 B\u1ea1ch kim, Palladium v\u00e0 Rhodium tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng. B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\"> b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-pgms-and-why-do-they-matter-\">PGM l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM) bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch kim (Pt), paladi (Pd), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), iridium (Ir) v\u00e0 osmium (Os). C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0103n m\u00f2n tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao. Trong m\u1ed9t<a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\"> b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a>C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM) gi\u00fap ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i \u00f4 t\u00f4 s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon ch\u01b0a ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 oxit nit\u01a1. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o PGM v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"technical-breakdown-of-the-three-way-catalytic-converter\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\">b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u <\/a>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ba ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. N\u00f3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbon (HC) v\u00e0 Nitrogen Oxides (NOx). \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u00ean trong ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n:<\/strong>\u00a0H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ong b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m. Thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1edbn trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00edch nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00c1o kho\u00e1c Washcoat:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit nh\u00f4m x\u1ed1p l\u00ean tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n. L\u1edbp n\u00e0y gi\u00fap t\u0103ng th\u00eam di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng PGM:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 phun m\u1ed9t dung d\u1ecbch ch\u1ee9a Pt, Pd ho\u1eb7c Rh l\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>&#034;T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng&#034; quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng PGM cao h\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 &#034;kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng&#034; th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n sau khi b\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/whats-inside-a-catalytic-converter-parts-precious-metals\/\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"635\" src=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Whats-Inside-a-Catalytic-Converter.jpg\" alt=\"B\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u00f3 g\u00ec? (Ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng &amp; Kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd)\" class=\"wp-image-5606\" title=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Whats-Inside-a-Catalytic-Converter.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Whats-Inside-a-Catalytic-Converter-300x186.jpg 300w, https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Whats-Inside-a-Catalytic-Converter-768x476.jpg 768w, https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Whats-Inside-a-Catalytic-Converter-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Whats-Inside-a-Catalytic-Converter-600x372.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/whats-inside-a-catalytic-converter-parts-precious-metals\/\">B\u00ean trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c c\u00f3 g\u00ec? (Ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9ng &amp; Kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-role-of-washcoat-technology-in-pgm-distribution\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 trong ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i PGM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t <a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\">b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM. M\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7. L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t &#034;x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn&#034; nh\u01b0 Ceria (CeO2) v\u00e0 Zirconia (ZrO2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ceria \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0u tr\u1eef oxy. N\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng oxy khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 &#034;gi\u00e0u nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u&#034;. N\u00f3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 oxy khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 &#034;ngh\u00e8o nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u&#034; (qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed). S\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM) ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#034;k\u1ebft d\u00ednh&#034; c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM). Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft d\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao. S\u1ef1 v\u00f3n c\u1ee5c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n m\u1ecbn. Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec di\u1ec7n t\u00edch b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y gi\u00fap k\u00e9o d\u00e0i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\"> b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> trong h\u01a1n 100.000 d\u1eb7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comparing-platinum-group-metals-properties-and-functions\">So s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim: T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Kim lo\u1ea1i<\/th><th>Bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/th><th>\u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y (\u00b0C)<\/th><th>Vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>B\u1ea1ch kim<\/strong><\/td><td>Ph\u1ea7n<\/td><td>1,768<\/td><td>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a CO v\u00e0 HC; ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Paladi<\/strong><\/td><td>Pd<\/td><td>1,554<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao; ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a x\u0103ng.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Rhodium<\/strong><\/td><td>Rh<\/td><td>1,964<\/td><td>C\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u1eed NOx th\u00e0nh Nit\u01a1.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Iridium<\/strong><\/td><td>V\u00e0<\/td><td>2,447<\/td><td>Bugia \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeda ch\u1ecbu t\u1ea3i cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Ruthenium<\/strong><\/td><td>Nga<\/td><td>2,334<\/td><td>\u1ed4 \u0111\u0129a c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Osmium<\/strong><\/td><td>B\u1ea1n<\/td><td>3,033<\/td><td>Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng m\u00e0i m\u00f2n c\u1ef1c cao; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p kim chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"understanding-pgm-loading-levels\">Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 PGM trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u1ee9c t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i xe v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111o t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng PGM theo hai c\u00e1ch. H\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gam tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c gam tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i foot kh\u1ed1i (g\/ft\u00b3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Xe kh\u00e1ch ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n:<\/strong>\u00a0Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a t\u1eeb 2 \u0111\u1ebfn 6 gam t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 80 \u0111\u1ebfn 90 g\/ft\u00b3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Xe t\u1ea3i h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang c\u1ea7n t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng cao h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xe t\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi 15 gram PGM. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi 6.000 ppm (ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Xe hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao:<\/strong>\u00a0C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM) d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do nhi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Euro 6d ho\u1eb7c EPA Tier 3, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 PGM. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-specific-chemistry-of-pollutant-conversion\">H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c<a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\"> b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng: oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi Platinum v\u00e0 Palladium):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2CO + O2 \u2192 2CO2 (Carbon monoxide chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh Carbon dioxide)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HC + O2 \u2192 CO2 + H2O (Hydrocarbon chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh carbon dioxide v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kh\u1eed (\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1edfi Rhodium):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2NOx \u2192 xO2 + N2 (C\u00e1c oxit nit\u01a1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh oxy v\u00e0 nit\u01a1)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Rhodium l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eaft nh\u1ea5t trong nh\u00f3m kim lo\u1ea1i qu\u00fd (PGM) v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eed NOx hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Rhodium, b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"evolving-global-standards-and-pgm-loading-trends\">C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u PGM. V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c oxy h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Platinum v\u00e0 Palladium. Khi NOx tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf &#034;ba chi\u1ec1u&#034; b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam Rhodium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o &#034;L\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi l\u00e1i xe&#034; (RDE). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xe ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee9c kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i th\u1ea5p trong m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e1i xe, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Palladium trong xe ch\u1ea1y x\u0103ng. Palladium mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n khi l\u00e1i xe \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, &#034;ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m&#034; l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong ng\u00e0nh. Ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM) h\u01a1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n &#034;s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n&#034; c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00edt gam kim lo\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\">b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"market-dynamics-where-do-pgms-come-from-\">\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng: C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM) \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ngu\u1ed3n cung kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM) t\u1eadp trung \u1edf m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nam Phi:<\/strong>\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 70% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1ch kim v\u00e0 80% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng rhodium c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng iridium v\u00e0 ruthenium.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nga:<\/strong>\u00a0Nga l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t Palladium, cung c\u1ea5p kho\u1ea3ng 40% ngu\u1ed3n cung to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. C\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng khi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 Palladium t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Zimbabwe:<\/strong>\u00a0Qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y s\u1edf h\u1eefu tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c trong ng\u00e0nh khai th\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch kim v\u00e0 rhodium.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>B\u1eafc M\u1ef9:<\/strong>\u00a0Canada v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 Palladium v\u00e0 Platinum, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn tr\u1ed9m. M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f4 la.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pgm-load-distribution-by-application\">Ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 t\u1ea3i PGM theo \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Lo\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/th><th>C\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i PGM ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/th><th>L\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh (T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 gam)<\/th><th>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Xe ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y x\u0103ng<\/strong><\/td><td>Pd, Rh<\/td><td>2 \u2013 5g<\/td><td>Chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a ba chi\u1ec1u (CO, HC, NOx)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Xe kh\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng d\u1ea7u diesel<\/strong><\/td><td>Pt, Pd<\/td><td>3-7g<\/td><td>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh oxy h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Xe t\u1ea3i h\u1ea1ng n\u1eb7ng<\/strong><\/td><td>Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, Rh<\/td><td>10 \u2013 20g<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ec1n cao v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m NOx.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Xe lai<\/strong><\/td><td>Pd, Rh<\/td><td>3 \u2013 6g<\/td><td>Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh khi b\u1eadt m\u00e1y.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Xe m\u00e1y<\/strong><\/td><td>Pt, Pd, Rh<\/td><td>0,5 \u2013 1,5g<\/td><td>Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-impact-of-green-technology-and-hydrogen\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 xanh v\u00e0 hydro<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch sang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xanh \u0111ang l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1ec1 kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM). Trong khi xe \u0111i\u1ec7n (EV) kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng... <a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\">b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a>Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m h\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i PGM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u00e0ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i proton (PEM) \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM). C\u00e1c pin n\u00e0y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea1ch kim \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i hydro th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng. M\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n hydro c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng iridi v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch kim \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch. Khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chuy\u1ec3n sang n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hydro, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1ch kim c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"economic-importance-and-pgm-recycling\">T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Chi ph\u00ed cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM) khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf tr\u1edf n\u00ean thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. M\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\">b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u <\/a>\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i; m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &#034;m\u1ecf \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb&#034;. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf nghi\u1ec1n n\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c quy tr\u00ecnh h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 25% \u0111\u1ebfn 30% ngu\u1ed3n cung PGM h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi khai th\u00e1c. Khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ounce b\u1ea1ch kim \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i di chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5t. T\u00e1i ch\u1ebf b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u thu h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM) trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t sai s\u00f3t nh\u1ecf trong ph\u00e9p \u0111o c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. C\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hu\u1ef3nh quang tia X (XRF) v\u00e0 plasma c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng (ICP) \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"future-outlook-pgm-sustainability-and-circular-economy\">Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: T\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf... <a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\">b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u00e1o l\u1eafp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng 99% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu h\u1ed3i khi xe h\u1ebft v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111ang th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi \u201cCh\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n\u201d. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed PGM ri\u00eang l\u1ebb l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kim lo\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng 50%. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. <a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\">b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u<\/a> v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0ng cho vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00e1c <a href=\"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/three-way-catalytic-converter-twc\/\">b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u <\/a>\u0110\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim (PGM). B\u1ea1ch kim, paladi v\u00e0 rhodium cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0. Khi c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng PGM ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Cho d\u00f9 trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong hay pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydro trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i nh\u00f3m b\u1ea1ch kim s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang ta cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng PGM trong b\u1ed9 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00fac t\u00e1c ba chi\u1ec1u. T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch Platinum, Palladium v\u00e0 Rhodium t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u00fac t\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6323,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"googlesitekit_rrm_CAowgdPcCw:productID":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[98],"tags":[1288,1176,1489,1571,1556,1205,99],"class_list":["post-6322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guide","tag-catalyst-efficiency","tag-catalytic-converter-recycling","tag-emission-control-catalyst","tag-pgm-load","tag-platinum-group-metals","tag-platinum-palladium-rhodium","tag-three-way-catalytic-converter-2"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6322"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6322\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6323"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/3waycatalyst.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}